What is Freight Classification?
Freight classification is a standardized system used by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) to determine shipping costs based on various factors. The classification, known as the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC), is essential for Less Than Truckload (LTL) shipments.
Factors That Determine Freight Class
Freight classes range from 50 to 500 and are determined by the following factors:
- Density: The weight-to-volume ratio of the shipment.
- Stowability: How easily the freight can be stored and stacked.
- Handling: The difficulty of moving and managing the shipment.
- Liability: The risk of damage, theft, or spoilage.
Step-by-Step Guide to Calculating Freight Class
1. Measure the Dimensions of Your Shipment
Use a measuring tape to determine the length, width, and height of the freight in inches.
2. Calculate the Volume
Multiply the length, width, and height:
Volume (cubic inches) = Length × Width × Height
Convert to cubic feet by dividing by 1,728:
Volume (cubic feet) = Volume (cubic inches) ÷ 1,728
3. Weigh the Shipment
Use a scale to find the total weight in pounds.
4. Determine the Density
Density is calculated using the formula:
Density (lbs per cubic foot) = Total Weight ÷ Volume (cubic feet)
5. Find the Corresponding Freight Class
Use the NMFC freight class chart to determine the classification based on density:
| Density (lbs per cubic foot) | Freight Class |
|---|---|
| 50 or more | 50 |
| 35 – 49 | 55 |
| 30 – 34 | 60 |
| 22.5 – 29 | 65 |
| 15 – 22.4 | 70 |
| 13.5 – 14.9 | 77.5 |
| 12 – 13.4 | 85 |
| 10.5 – 11.9 | 92.5 |
| 9 – 10.4 | 100 |
| 8 – 8.9 | 125 |
| 7 – 7.9 | 150 |
| 6 – 6.9 | 175 |
| 5 – 5.9 | 200 |
| 4 – 4.9 | 250 |
| 3 – 3.9 | 300 |
| 2 – 2.9 | 400 |
| Less than 2 | 500 |
Why Freight Classification Matters
Accurately determining freight class ensures proper pricing and avoids additional fees. Misclassification can lead to delays, reclassification charges, and increased shipping costs.
Final Thoughts
By following these steps, you can accurately calculate freight classifications and avoid unnecessary shipping charges. If unsure, consult the NMFC guidelines or work with a freight broker to classify your shipment correctly.